Transportation policy and planning decisions, including decisions on new infrastructure and public transport improvements, affect local and global environmental conditions. We detail recommendations to assist providers and public health officials when advising patients and the public regarding personal-level strategies to mitigate risk imposed by air pollution, while recognising that well-designed prospective studies are urgently needed to better establish and validate interventions that benefit respiratory health in this context.
#COLIN STRICKLAND ROAD TO NOWHERE PORTABLE#
Other strategies include avoiding cooking with solid fuels, ventilating and isolating cooking areas, and using portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air filters. Qualified evidence supports limiting physical exertion outdoors on high air pollution days and near air pollution sources, reducing near-roadway exposure while commuting, utilising air quality alert systems to plan activities, and wearing facemasks in prescribed circumstances. While public policy has a central role in reducing air pollution, exposure can also be reduced by personal choices. We are confident on the methodology and results from our analysis are useful both for local environmental authority and the general public to help in obtaining consistent conclusions from the available data.Īs global awareness of air pollution rises, so does the imperative to provide evidence-based recommendations for strategies to mitigate its impact. However, the analyses indicate that significant differences exist across Bogotá, and particularly in the south-west zone of the city annual concentrations of particulate matter are up to three or four times the WHO recommendations. The data exhibit encouraging signs of air quality improvement, particularly for PM10. Results raise concerns for the high percentage of invalid data, as well as the high levels of PM2.5 and PM10 ambient concentrations as observed in the valid portion of the available data, which frequently exceed national and international air quality standards. Then, we present statistical descriptive analyses by providing intuitive data visualizations, characterizing historical and spatial change of air pollutant levels. We develop a reproducible and flexible data cleaning methodology for particulate matter concentration data reported by the local authorities, which allows customizing and applying configurable validation rules.
Without any loss of generality, we focus our analysis on both respirable and fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations, which in Bogotá and worldwide are source of concern for their negative impacts on human health. By analyzing the whole dataset, we are aiming at providing citizens and the city authorities with a clear view of the current situation of air quality and of its historical evolution. The reasons for addressing this research study stem from the lack of a consistent approach for cleaning, validating and reporting air quality data. In this work we apply a rigorous and reproducible data analytics process for validation and analysis of the historical data from Bogotá (Colombia) air quality monitoring network since 1998. The rear of the buses was identified as the most polluted section onboard with a ratio of self-pollution about 35% average. Measurements and simulation results were used to calculate the self-pollution ratios inside the vehicles.
A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model was implemented to simulate the exhaust emissions from the buses, 3 traffic velocities of BRT were evaluated: 20, 32 and 60 km/h. Trips were determined to be between 20 to 40 minutes per passenger. Values above the 24 h WHO (World Health Organization) recommendation were registered. PM 2.5 concentrations above 120 µg/m 3 were measured for all the cases studied.
Caracas and Calle 80, in different seat locations inside the buses. In-situ measurements were performed in 3 lines of the system: Av. Speed and location data were recorded in real-time. In this research, measurements of PM 2.5 inside the BRT system of Bogota called TransMilenio were performed. Evidence of high exposure levels have been reported onboard BRT vehicles, but detailed analysis of self-pollutions has not been developed. In many large cities of developing countries BRT vehicles are diesel operated buses emitting important amounts of PM 2.5, a pollutant related with many health affectations. BRT (Bus Rapid Transport) vehicles are a frequented microenvironment, it consists of exclusive lines for the transport of passengers in articulated buses.
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